A data frame that is in the long format. A hypothetical experiment is designed to measure effects of study time in a free-recall paradigm. In this hypothetical experiment, to-be-recalled 20-word lists are presented at a rate of 1, 2, or 5 sec per word. Of interest is the relation between study time and number of recalled list words. Suppose that the experiment is run as a within-subject (repeated-measures) design, including a total of 10 subjects, each of whom participated in all three study-time conditions.
recall.longA data frame with 30 rows and 3 variables:
The factor containing 10 levels of subjects, "s1" to "s10".
The factor containing three levels of the experimental manipulation, "Level1", "Level2", and "Level3".
The number of words recalled out of 20 for each of 10 subjects in each of three conditions.
Loftus, G. R., & Masson, M. E. J. (1994). Using confidence intervals in within-subject designs. Psychonomic Bulletin & Review, 1, 476–490.